Lesson Plan Area and Perimeter Formulas

Students will apply the area and perimeter formulas for rectangles in order to create a fence in which to house a (make-believe) pet. Class Fourth Grade Duration Two class periods Materials Graph paperGraph paper transparencyOverhead machineCirculars with fence prices or access to the Internet Key Vocabulary Area, perimeter, multiplication, width, length Objectives Students will apply the area and perimeter formulas for rectangles in order to create a fence and calculate how much fencing they are required to buy. Standards Met 4.MD.3 Apply the area and perimeter formulas for rectangles in real-world and mathematical problems. For example, find the width of a rectangular room given the area of the flooring and the length, by viewing the area formula as a multiplication equation with an unknown factor. Lesson Introduction Ask students if they have pets at home. Where do the pets live? Where do they go when you are at school and the adults are at work? If you don’t have a pet, where would you put one if you had one? Step-by-Step Procedure This lesson is best done after students have an initial understanding of the concept of area. Tell students that they are going to create a fence for their new cat or dog. This is a fence where you want the animal to have fun, but it has to be enclosed so that they are safe during the day.To begin the lesson, have students help you create a pen with an area of 40 square feet. Each square on your graph paper should represent one square foot, which will enable students to just count the squares to check their work. Begin by creating a rectangular pen, which enables you to review the formula for area. For example, the pen can be 5 feet by 8 feet, which will result in a pen with an area of 40 square feet.After you create that simple pen on the overhead, ask students to figure out what the perimeter of that fence would be. How many feet of fencing would we need to create this fence?Model and think aloud while doing another arrangement on the overhead. If we wanted to make a more creative shape, what would give the cat or dog the most room? What would be most interesting? Have students help you construct additional fences, and always have them check the area and calculate perimeter.Remark to students that they’ll need to buy fencing for the area they are creating for their pet. The second day of class will be spent calculating the perimeter and cost of the fencing.Tell students that they have 60 square feet to play with. They should work alone or in pairs to make the most interesting and also spacious area for their pet to play in, and it has to be 60 square feet. Give them the rest of the class period to choose their figuration and draw it on their graph paper.The next day, calculate the perimeter of their fence shape. Have a few students come to the front of the classroom to show their design and explain why they did it this way. Then, break students into groups of two or three in order to check their math. Dont proceed to the next section of the lesson with out accurate area and perimeter results.Calculate the fence costs. Using a Lowes or Home Depot circular, have students select a particular fence that they like. Show them how to calculate the price of their fence. If the fencing they approve of is $10.00 per foot, for example, they should multiply that amount by the total length of their fence. Depending on what your classroom expectations are, students may use calculators for this part of the lesson. Homework/Assessment Have students write a paragraph at home about why they arranged their fences like they did. When they are finished, post these in the hallway along with students drawing of their fences. Evaluation An evaluation of this lesson can be done as students are working on their plans. Sit down with one or two students at a time to ask questions such as, Why did you design your pen this way? How much room will your pet have to run around? How will you figure out how long the fence will be? Use those notes to decide who needs some extra work on this concept, and who is ready for more challenging work.

Progressives Were Groups Of Reformers - 1144 Words

Progressives were groups of reformers dedicated to improve the social and the political problems in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They live generally in the towns, were well instructed professionals, and thought the government could be an instrument for the transformation. They started a social movement that turned into a political movement. Unfortunately, the remainder of the population was subject to law incomes, long working hours, risky industrial tools, and unprincipled employers. Progressives believed the problems (poverty, violence, greed, racism, class warfare) that the society faced could best be directed by offering good education, a safe environment, and an efficient workplace. In the words of historian Howard Zinn, the Progressives worked to â€Å"stabilize the capitalist system by repairing its worst defects. 2and restore some measure of class peace in a time of increasingly bitter clashes between capital and labor† (Zinn 354). T he progressive tried to reform the United States; however, they were incapable to make significant changes and improve the labors of the working class. The social structure in America pushed people around because the opportunities were not equals. The social in America was not favorable for the vast majority of tenant farmers, factory workers, slum dwellers, miners, farm laborers, working men and women, black and white. Robert Wiebe sees in the Progressive movement an attempt by the system to adjust toShow MoreRelatedThe Progressive Era1119 Words   |  5 Pages The Progressive Era was a plentiful time period when Americans wanted to make America better. According to Brinkley, â€Å"Not even those who called themselves progressives could agree on what the term meant, for it was a phenomenon of great scope and diversity† (Brinkley 487). These progressives were tired of America’s stereotypes, such as women only being mothers and African Americans being seen as slaves. This generation fought for what they believed in, and for the most part, eventually succeededRead MoreThe During The Progressive Era989 Words   |  4 P agesDuring the Progressive Era, various groups responded to the political, social, and economic woes that resulted from the rapid industrialization and urbanization of America during the 19th Century. The mass immigration of foreigners and the northern migration of Africa-Americans led to urban overcrowding and competition for wage-paying jobs. Electric lighting allowed factories to expand the working hours and increase the output of manufactured goods. There was little regulation for employee welfareRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of The Gilded Age1465 Words   |  6 Pagescoming to an end, reformers were left to clean up the mess. Hence, the Progressive era was born. The Progressive movement was based in the urban middle class and focused on the improvement of society, the economy, and politics. Yet, the movement was not unified. Each reform group of the era had a separate goal that they would focus on. Each president also had a separate vision of national reform. Presidents like Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson were particularly influentialRead MoreProgressives And The Progressive Era1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe progressive Era was times in History were local state and federal government took a leap forward in power and activism. In addition, the progressive era, was a time of development of new reforms and changes for America. Progressivism handles a wide range of problems and struggle for America. Such problems were created by unstructed industrialization, urbanization and immigration. As well as, the unfavorable distribution of power and wealth. Progressives believed strongly that problems such asRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of The Progressives1277 Words   |  6 PagesPopulist also faced. Although the Progressives included subgroups among themselves, they were joined together with common beliefs such as making the economy better by the production of technological and scientific management, the adoption of city man agers in cities, and the elimination of trusts and monopolies. Conversely, as the Populist s view was attracted by the industrial sector and the replacement of the Democrats, as the nation s second party. The Progressive s focus on improving the nationRead More The Progressive Era Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pagestime of great social change and economic growth in the United States. The progressive era was a time in which Americans were innovating in social welfare. In the progressive period the government needed to take action in the role of economy, regulating big business, immigration, and urban growth. Once the great depression happened in which America’s economy faltered people started to panic. For Americans the main issues asked were how to make society work more efficiently. The great society era was aRead MoreThe Gilded Age : The Challenges Of The Progressive Era1344 Words   |  6 Pagesunhygienic food production, and other issues – that many Americans were le ft to deal with. In the early 1900s, â€Å"widespread dissatisfaction with new trends in American society spurred the Progressive Era, named for the various ‘progressive’ movements that attracted various constituencies around various reforms† (Andrew et al. 1). This new era was the age in which people tried to solve problems through individual and group action. The Progressive Movement was dedicated to the advancement of women’s rightsRead MoreThe Progressive Era Essay example1010 Words   |  5 Pagescame to a close a new epoch, known as the Progressive Era emerged in response to industrialization. This early 20th century reform movement pursued control of the government to the people. In order to reinstate economic opportunities and to correct inequity in American life. Progressives believed that government could be used as a powerful tool for social improvement (Gillon, Matson 2009). Although the Progressive ideal was presented by numerous Progressive authors of different genre, together theyRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States865 Words   |  4 Pages From 1900 to 1920 a political group called the progressives demanded change and more government involvement after the gilded age where there barely was any action taken by the government. While the progressives were becoming more and more popular among politicians and people they brought reform and change to the United States. The progressives brought change through industries, social movements and the economy. The progressives, (as their name suggests) brought progress to America that forever changedRead MoreObjectives Of The Progressive Era1500 Words   |  6 Pages LESSON 17 - Progressive Era Objectives: Identify and understand how reform movements changed society Identify and understand how women influenced change Identify and understand the impact of Presidential policy upon America Change comes to the United States In the beginning of the 20th Century, a movement called Progressivism began to improve American society. The Progressivism movement had four major goals: A) To protect social welfare by fixing the various problems of city life

Cutting Dividend and Ploughing it Back to the Firm

Question: Discuss about the Report for Cutting Dividend and Ploughing it Back to the Firm. Answer: Introduction A focused business management team has a role of ensuring that the profitability of a business rises in future through undertaking various actions. I.e. expansions and product development by utilising the capital it has (Carnevale 2016). Profits that a firm makes could be dealt with in two major ways. The first is that the profit could be dispersed as a dividend to the shareholders of the firm. The other way is that the firm should agree to withhold the profit made and use the money to fund its expansion or any other project that could generate income for the firm. A higher proportion of the raised net profit could be voluntarily be reserved by the company (National Information Centre 2016). When part of profits are withheld and not dispersed as dividends, they are referred to as retained profits. This undistributed profits or reinvestment provides a business with a good source of finance. A dividend cut is a form of internal financing, and it is considered to be ownership funds as i t belongs to the firms shareholders (Chad 2014). There are several advantages and disadvantages of sacrificing dividends for reinvestment in the firm. Some of the advantages are as follows. As a source of finance, the retained profits are convenient and economical in that, the costs of advertising or for issuing any other prospectus is eliminated. Expenses and some legal formalities associated with some other finance sources are completely disregarded. Second, the companys assets are not subjected to any charge or mortgage. Hence, the company in future can use its assets to raise loans if necessary. Third, the company is not obliged to repay this money; it doesnt fix to repay this dividend to the shareholders in the future. This retained profit belongs to the company. Fourth, dilution of the firms control is not subjected to any risks as retained profits do not contribute to the addition of shareholders into the firm (Sontakke 2016). The management is subjected to no restrictions and therefore it remains independent. Fifth, in terms of goodwill, the earning capacity, financial strength and credibility of the company are raised by retained profits. This makes a business eligible for being advanced with credits. Sixth, compared to external sources of finance, the dependability of using retained profit as an internal source of finance is higher. I.e. The preference of investors and market conditions does not influence the amount of funds. Regarding expansion and growth, retained profits are essential in facilitating business expansion and in the financing of new projects. New products innovation and development is also achievable through the use of retained earnings. Since the amount of dividend this year is sufficient to fund the new product line, the company should acknowledge its shareholders of the new idea. The shareholders will agree with this idea since the new product line will earn more profits of which will add to their future dividends. Every action that is advantageous has its limitations. Some of the limitations of cutting the dividend and using the funds for reinvestment are as follows. First, the rate of dividend this year will be greatly reduced. To be more specific it will be reduced to zero such that no dividend will be paid. Some shareholders may not be satisfied without receiving their usual expected dividend rate. Based on the fact that investors uses the dividend rate paid to gauge the profitability of a business, the cut will leave many questions to the investors and it might put away some of them. Second, the prices of a companys shares may be speculated by its directors owing to the availability of huge reserves (Chad 2014). The directors in their favour may create a price change through changing of the dividend rate. Such share price fluctuations may cause the shareholders to make losses. There is a risk that there may be a misuse of the funds by the directors for their personal benefits. The management assigns a low cost to retained profits and may invest the funds in non-profitable projects (Sontakke 2016). If the class of shareholders largely comprise of the retired, widows and those who are weaker economically, cutting of dividend may become difficult as they desire maximum dividend payment (Dhaval 2016). Recommendations The process of a dividend cut is only possible if the investors are well-off. It is, therefore, important for the management to consider the composition of its shareholders before making any cut decision. It should collect all the information on the proposed line of new products, do some cost and benefits analysis, and then present it as a business idea to the shareholders. If the investment opportunity proves to maximise their wealth in future, they will agree on the dividend cut for this period. Even if the action could keep away some investors, the previous stability on dividend rate would still help in maintaining the investors. Furthermore, the dividend cut is only for a single period, the investors will wait to observe the next period performance of which will be better. After the four years, more investors will be attracted to the business owing to the shooting of the dividend rate. Bibliography Carnevale, Chuck. "Dividends' True Contribution To Total Return May Surprise You". Yahoo Finance. 2016. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/dividends-true-contribution-total-return-204309083.html. Chad, Smriti. "Retained Profits or Ploughing of Profits: Its Advantage and Disadvantage". Yourarticlelibrary.Com: 2014. The Next Generation Library. https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/financial-management/retained-profits-or-ploughing-of-profits-its-advantage-and-disadvantage/27975/. Dhaval, S. "Ploughing Back Of Profits| Financial Management". Business Management Ideas. 2016. https://www.businessmanagementideas.com/financial-management/ploughing-back-of-profits-financial-management/3956. National Information Centre,. "Business Portal of India: Growing a Business: Financial Support: Ploughing Back Of Profits". Archive.India.Gov.In. 2016. Accessed July 9. https://www.archive.india.gov.in/business/growing_business/ploughing_profits.php. Prasad, Kumar. "Dynamic Tutorials and Services: Retained Earnings or Ploughing Back of Profits: Meaning, Need, Advantages, Limitations and Factors Affecting It". Dynamictutorial.Blogspot.Co.Ke. 2015. https://dynamictutorial.blogspot.co.ke/2015/10/retained-earnings-or-ploughing-back-of.html. Sontakke, Kaustubh A. "Sources of Finance". Drsontakke.Com. 2016. https://www.drsontakke.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Chapter-04-Sources-of-Finance.pdf.

Literacies for Technological Contexts- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theLiteracies for Historical andTechnological Context. Answer: An understanding of theoretical principles and recent developments in literacy research in a variety of social, global, historical and technological contexts. Background Traditional learning is the most easily known and accepted form of learning that is followed in large scale everywhere. Traditional learning however has no proper definition. It can thus be assumed that traditional learning or traditional education is a kind of scenario where the learners or the students are seated in a classroom with desks listening to the teacher (Lilly Green, 2004). The teacher is standing at the center delivering a lecture on any lesson. The lecture is to be completed within a stipulated time period. It is after the completion of the lesson that the students complete assignments related to this topic. Objective The objective of this paper is to see how literacy is imbibed with the society through traditional learning. It talks about the large number of theories that explains the range of approaches in literacy (Wang, 2017). These different approaches can be used in the day to day concepts of life to see the used of literacy. The objective is to see how the different approaches of traditional learning are being used in the Historical, social, technological and global context. Key issues The key issues related to the concern of education and literacy is largely seen in the present day context. Literacy must be inculcated within each and every one of the society. Without proper literacy, life is very much difficult in the present day scenario. Proper rate of literacy will promote the well being of all the individuals at the personal and finally at the societal and universal level as well. The best way of imbibing this literacy among the society is through the method of traditional learning. However it must be noted that each and every family must clearly understand their roles in imparting literacy within their children, this is because of the fact that charity behind at home. In other words, the initial form of learning is considered to be a natural process and all the individuals tend to learn from their surroundings and their elders. So, it is the duty of all the family members to provide a rich educational background to all the children right from their early year s of learning. Social context The social context mainly talks about the different ways in which literacy is used in the social ecosystem of which it is a part of. One of the good examples can be seen in schools when the teacher might ask the students to write a letter (Li, 2010). This will make the students discuss among themselves what exactly the school might want to see in this letter. This will encourage the promotion of socially accepted issues like managing relationship with schools. Any and every classroom learning must take place following the situated social practice as below: Literacy has also become one of the major concerns in the present day global context (Godwin et al., 2013). A very common feature seen in many of the international campaigns and conferences is how to eradicate the rate of illiteracy. This is done for many purposes. One is in order to remove the language barriers that often limit the scope of growth of many communities. Historical context Literacy also has played a major role in the historical context. It is seen that in a classroom teaching session, a teacher usually encounters students coming from so many different backgrounds. They might face several problems in understanding in communicating in one particular language owing to their historical or linguistic differences (Lilly Green, 2004). Technological context Literacy is also undergoing several changes in the present technological context. It is becoming much more computerized like emails, blogging, postcards, online shopping and many more. Literacy is also being used to spread education and awareness on different technological platforms like the social sites namely face book, twitter, Gmail and many others (Li, 2003). Family literacy theory This theory was coined by Denny Taylor ion the year 1983, in her book called Family Literacy. This theory is a collection of all the different programs that are designed in order to make the family members very much involved in the entire learning process (Corson, 1995). In other words thus theory tries to bring under its influence all the different roles, responsibilities and the activities that are to be done on the part of the families to create a learning free environment within their homes. Maturation theory This theory emerged in the year 1931. The coiners of this theory were Washburne and Morphett (Piller, 2016). This theory as the very name suggests was of the belief that the children must reach a certain age of maturity before they are instructed with some learning instructions. This theory suggested the parents that they must start teaching their children to read and write only after they have reached the age of 6.5 years Emergent literacy theory As the very name suggests this theory emerge gradually from the years 2001 to 2012. This theory mainly focuses to a particular point between the childs birth and the time when he is ready to read and write. The believers of this school of thought say that the listening, speaking, reading and writing skills of a child are all interrelated and they learn all these skills by looking at or imitating their family members. As these very initial stages of development begin right at home, the family members must try and make a rich home environment for their children (Apple, 1996). Cognitive theory This theory was coined by Piaget in the year 1969. This theory states that there are different stages over which, the thinking of a child gets modified over the years. These stages help the teachers to know and understand the different needs of children and the different ways in which they might acquire the language (Wang, 2017). The first and the foremost is the family literacy theory which encourages all the family members of the learners to understand their roles behind imparting the right education to their children. This theory is linked to the maturation theory as it says how the family must impart the literacy in their children as per their maturation and not before that. This theory says that the children become properly matured to acquire the learning not before the age of six years. This theory again is connected with the emergent literacy theory also talks about the fact that children acquire the learning in a step by step process as they emerge from one age to the other. This again is linked with cognitive theory that states, the thinking capacity of the children changes and gets modified as per the age. Hence, it is the duty of all the family members to carefully understand and implement their roles in implementing proper education to their children at the right time and at the right age. All the above theories finally lead to the theory called contingent theory which says that the thinking pattern of children change as per their growth and development. These stages help the teachers to know and understand the different needs of children and the different ways in which they might acquire the language (Wang, 2017). Theoretical and empirical literature in literacy research and discuss a range of approaches to literacy There can be different takes or different approaches on this process of learning. These approaches can cause different learning outcomes as well. As for instance, the method of critical discourse is one. Anything that is critically learnt helps in creating a netter and clear understanding as it also gives rise to discussions in the social scenarios as well. This theory is also derived from the contexts of linguistics that is from the scientific study of speech sounds and also from poststructuralist discourses (Lynn Morgan, 2017). Function of literacy in different communities and explore how diverse illiteracies relate to fair and equitable access to social goods such as education, employment, and welfare or community participation. Educational application The educational application of the theory says that social science has played a major role in setting forth and also influencing the research direction on education. This theory also focuses on the family approaches. In other words, it talks about the different ways and methods the family can p-lay a major role in the study of language and also in the study of many different texts from literary theories, the linguistics and also from the philosophy of language and science (Bruce Borders, 2015). This theory was mainly applied b y the educators in the post World War period, to see the errors in the structure of sentences that were used by people. There indeed was an error that was being made by the second language learners. Employment welfare Literacy naturally increases the chances and option of employment. In the modern day scenario, it is seen that proper education is needed in order to opt for the different employment opportunities. It is only through proper literacy that the individuals can be made to realize the importance of a job. Getting educated and employed naturally helps an individual to secure himself economically and develop an identity of his or own. Community development Literacy as a whole helps in developing the community. The general good and welfare of the community can be promoted only if there is proper rate of literacy among all the individuals. Literacy helps in getting the people educated and also in becoming much more logical, just and clear in their decision making and judgment powers. Literacy also enables in reducing the social evils like gender discrimination, theft, robbery and several others. Intersection between Literacy and Educational Achievement Literacy, apart from having educational achievement also have a significant influence in reducing gaps between people based on social, cultural and racial grounds. No one deserves to be humiliated because of ones birth place, caste, gender, or races. After a study being conducted on Ltinaa community, it was seen that they are strategically placed in schools so that they can speak with people coming from different linguistic backgrounds and can thus, overcome the language barriers. Then, there is again discrimination done between men and women. Though both the Latina men and women are marginalized, but the women are always doubly dominated. They find a tough time to participate in the California education system because of their language barriers. They have to negotiate through their racial languages. Self reflection I often find around myself that there are people that discriminate between men and women. This is because of the fact that there is not enough literacy available among all the classes of the society. One of my bitter experience was when I saw a huge scale of inequality and injustice being done in a nearby local construction site in terms of the monthly pay to the workers. Even after working for the same time period, the female workers were given half of what the male workers were paid. On enquiring, the manager answered me, that it is because females are tender and are weak and also their mind is not as intelligent as that of the males. So even if they are working for longer period of time like men, they make lot of mistakes, hence it is justified to pay them less. For me, the most surprising part was that nobody ever protested against this practice. This was only because of the fact that those people were illiterate. Hence, I would say that the only and rather the easiest way or era dicating this kind of senseless and unjust practice is to increase the chances of literacy. Apart from this, I also feel that literacy is very much important for proper child development and child handling. For ensuring this, the families must be educated first. I have seen this very well within the context of my family and especially in case of my siblings that there are many stages in which their thinking capacity have changed over the years. There were many of my uncles and aunts who started teaching their kids how to read and write at a very early age of almost 4years. But this did not really have any such fruitful impacts. Rather it often disrupted the mood of the children. Perhaps this is because of the fact that the children are not matured enough to learn the art of writing and reading before they reach a certain conventional age. I have seen, on the other hand that some of my other siblings were quite comfortable with the process of learning at the age of six. Thus, staying true to the maturity theory, I have seen that children get matured with age and hence, it mu st be the duty of their family members to see to it that their children are not too much pressurized before they reach at a certain age. The other important learning that I have taken from this literary development theory is based on the emergent theory of literary development. It suggests that the learning of a child matures as he emerges from the time of his birth towards his stage of growth and development. This is very much relevant in my case in and in my brothers case as well. Right after our birth, our family made sure that we get a rich and educational home environment within the context of our family itself. I can recollect that my parents used to teach me the rhymes and alphabets and the basics of learning right from the early years. This has really been very much helpful when I first started going to school. I remember my play school days, I could very easily relate to the lessons that were taught in the class by my teacher and same was the scenario in my younger brothers case as well. I also made sure that I can provide a rich home environment during the initial childhood years of my brother. I started interacting with him based on the basic literary stuffs after he reached a certain conventional age. This also proved to be a great help for him during his initial school days. Take home message It is from here, that I would suggest it to all the families that they must be very much well aware about their responsibilities towards the literacy development of their children. Learning is a very natural process that starts right from the very young and tender ages of every individual. Hence I would suggest that special care be taken by the family of each and every child, in order to inculcate the lessons of literacy within the children right from the early ages of their childhood. References Apple M W (1996) Cultural Politics in Education, Teachers College Press, New York Corson D (ed.) (1995) Discourse and Power in Educational Organizations, Hampton Press,Creskill, New Jersey Godwin, E., Herb, B., Ricketts, A. Wymer, S. (2013). Theories of Literacy Development 1930s Present Day. Available at http//:hillerspires.wikispaces.com/file/view/Theories% Hull, G. A., Hernandez, G. (2008). Literacy. In B. Spolsky, et al. (Eds.),The Handbook of Educational Linguistics(pp. 328-340). Malden, MA and Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Li, G. (2003). Literacy, Culture, and Politics of Schooling: Counter narratives of a Chinese Canadian Family.Anthropology Education Quarterly, 34(2), 182-204. Li, G. (2010). Race, Class, and Schooling: Multicultural Families Doing the Hard Work of Home Literacy in America's Inner City.Reading Writing Quarterly, 26(2), 140-165. Lilly, E. Green, C. (2004). Developing Partnerships with Families through Childrens Literature. Boston: Pearson Allyn Bacon Prentice Hall Lynn, Morgan, (2017). "Latina Identities, Critical Literacies, and Academic Achievement inCommunity College" Doctoral Dissertations. 923. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/923 Piller, I. (2016). Linguistic Diversity in Education.Linguistic Diversity and Social Justice: An Introduction to Applied Sociolinguistics(pp. 98-129). New York: Oxford University Press. Wang, X. (2017). Transnational Chinese Students Literacy and Networking Practices.Journal of Adolescent Adult Literacy, 60(6), 687-696.

Assistance with Footnotes and Endnotes Use Our Online Help

Assistance with Footnotes and Endnotes Use Our Online Help How to use footnotes and endnotes. Read about the difference between endnotes and footnotes. Footnotes Vs. Endnotes In higher education, students are required to write papers that incorporate a multitude of sources. And when they do so, the student must cite these sources, in order to give credit to any source they borrowed, summarized or paraphrased. The incorporation of sources adds depth, clarity and a sense of professionalism to one’s paper. And to avoid plagiarism, the student must cite every single source they use, or else they risk failing the assignment or worse: expulsion. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE WORKS CITED AND A BIBLIOGRAPHY In most instances, the writer of a paper must use in-text citations, such as: (Thompson, 1998, p. 199). This applies to the MLA (Modern Language Association) style, which is used for most commonly to write papers and cite  the sources within the Liberal Arts or the Humanities, as well as for the APA (American Psychological Association) style, which is used to cite sources within the Social Sciences. These two styles are most commonly used in higher education. And whenever a student needs to provide supplementary or explanatory notes when they are citing a source in an academic paper, they either use footnotes or endnotes. The main difference between the two is the placement of the notes: footnotes are placed numerically at the foot (the bottom) of the very same page where direct references are made; while endnotes are placed numerically at the end of the essay or published work on a separate page entitled â€Å"Endnotes† or just â€Å"Notes,† which can be found just before the Bibliography or page. Footnotes and endnotes are used because long explanatory notes are rather distracting for the reader. If a note is needed, either to further explain a point, translate a word or phrase, or as a digression to explain why perhaps a writer used a certain source in a certain case, it may be easier for the reader to glance down at the bottom of the page they are a currently reading as opposed to turning to the back of the book to read the explanatory note. Both styles, APA and MLA, allow for both kinds of notes – endnotes and footnotes – although MLA recommends that all notes be listed on a separate page entitled â€Å"Notes.† Both style types, however, recommend limited use of both kinds of notes. But the student writing an essay or paper would probably, for efficiency reasons, want to use footnotes. The inclusion to include either kind depends on the student writing the essay or the preference of the student’s professor who will be ultimately evaluating the e ssay or paper. Examples of  Footnotes and Endnotes These can either be endnotes or footnotes which refer to cited publications a reader may wish to consult: 1. See Blackmur, especially chapters 3 and 4, for an insightful analysis of this trend. 2. On the problems related to repressed memory recovery, see Wollens  120-35; for a contrasting view, see Pyle 43; Johnson, Hull, Snyder 21-35; Krieg 78-91. 3. Several other studies point to this same conclusion. See Johnson and Hull 45-79, Kather  23-31, Krieg 50-57. Also, endnotes and footnotes are occasionally used for explanatory notes (also known as content notes), to refer to brief, additional information that may digress from the main text: 4. In a 1998 interview, she reiterated this point even more strongly: I am an artist, not a politician! (Weller 124). There are also cases when footnotes are indicated not by enumeration but symbols. In Anton Chekhov’s Ward No. 6 and Other Stories, published and translated by Barnes and Noble Classics, this occurs in the next to last paragraph in part V of his short story Ward No. 6:  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Pushkin* suffered terrible agonies before his death †¦ And at the bottom of the page, the footnote reads: *The great Russian poet Aleksandr Pushkin (1799-1837). If you have any problems with using endnotes and footnotes, feel free to contact our experts for getting assistance. Also, you may order any type of academic paper from our writers and dont worry how to do footnotes and endnotes.

PC Vitals for Every Freelance Writer

PC Vitals for Every Freelance Writer PC Vitals for Every Freelance Writer PC Vitals for Every Freelance Writer By Colin If you’ve never experienced the horror of a computer screen turning stark blue and displaying garbled characters while you are working on it, then lucky you. My advice is to never take things for granted. Computers have a nasty habit of hiding their internal illnesses until it’s too late, by telling you one thing when they mean another, or by playing tricks on your mind. If, however, you have experienced this scenario, you won’t need me to remind you of the blood curdling scream that came from your throat, or the moment of rapid pleading with a metal box, or the red mist of anger that followed very soon after. You’ll already know what it’s like to have your PC, something you came to think of as a friend, get up and desert you just like that. It’s every writer’s worst nightmare. But it is avoidable. Here are a few tips to help keep your PC in tip-top shape, and to spot those all important warning signs that not everything is as it should be. Only Install What You Need Don’t install software you will probably never use. It only takes up room, and makes unnecessary entries into the computer’s registry, which over time, slows it down considerably. When you do install software, always keep a copy of the installation executable, and always keep this updated at regular intervals. If you ever find you have to start again and rebuild your PC, or even get a new one, you will be able to get back to where you were relatively easily. Make a regular point of going through the installed programs list in the Control Panel and removing what you rarely use. Hard Drive Maintenance Your PC comes with a disk defragmenter and surface scanner – use them regularly. The disk defragmenter will reorganize the data on your hard drive, to ensure faulty sectors are either repaired or removed. This process also optimizes your system to run software faster. The surface scanner checks for physical errors that can then be repaired, or give you warning that something more serious might be on the cards, and that action should be taken. Keep Your Anti-Virus Software Updated There’s a multitude of subscription and free anti-virus software products on the market, so the modern freelance writer can have no reason for not having some form or protection on his PC. Scan For Malware And Adware Regularly Along with anti virus software, these utilities keep your system free from the full spectrum of ware’isms, to the risk of data theft. There are several free products available in the Internet that do this job wonderfully, which no serious freelance writer should be without. Remove All Crap CCleaner is a highly recommended tool to remove the crap that builds up in a PC over time. It quickly and easily rids your machine of unwanted cookies, temporary files, logs, and installation garbage, clearing up space, and ensuring integrity. CCleaner is also excellent at keeping your system registry in tip-top shape, by scanning for obsolete entries, missing links and files, and removing them after taking a backup. Keep Regular Backups Perhaps the most important thing a writer can, and should, do regularly. If you take nothing else from this article, you should at least take heed of this section, the importance of which cannot be stressed enough. Should you lose your PC to internal failure, you can always buy another one. But if that failure means the loss of the directory called â€Å"All My Writing,† and you have taken no backups, your life is over. There’s no excuse for not backing up regularly. Once per month is not enough – it should be done at least once per week minimum, and daily if you have works in progress. Whether you back the whole lot up onto a DVD in one go, or do it file by file because your system still uses 4.5† floppy disks DO IT! You will never forgive yourself if the worst happens. Watch for Warning Signs PCs often give off subtle warnings that a failure is impending, so it would be useful to be able to recognize them. Should you spot any of the following, take immediate backups of everything, and start running checks. At Boot Up Watch for any difference in the start-up messages as your PC boots up, such as hardware not being located, registry information missing, control, or system file errors, etc. Listen for strange noises coming from the hard drive as it gets going. Squeaks, groans, or moans can indicate something is wrong. Keep an eye on the boot-up time. Is it getting slower or does it appear to be struggling? If so, do a back up and run your checks. While In Use Have you noticed applications taking a while to load up, or when in use, are they running slower, hanging for no reason, or closing down unexpectedly? Don’t leave it until it dies before doing something about it. Does your hard drive go through periods of seemingly intense use when nothing is happening? Watch the CPU and make sure it’s not being over-used – a larger issue could be unfolding. At Shutdown Does the machine take a while to shut down? Does it hang while closing down, leaving you to pull the plug to shut it down for the night? Are there any spurious messages on the screen? Any of these things could indicate there is a problem. The rule of thumb if you spot a potential problem is to take a backup, then get it checked out. When To Do All Of This Daily – Incremental backups on all WIPs, checks on PC running stability. Weekly – AV quick scan, ad/malware quick scan, crap clean, full backup of all data. Monthly – AV deep scan, ad/malware deep scan, full backup of the entire system (data and applications). Staying on top of your PC’s integrity can save a freelance writer much embarrassment, time, and money – even his career. Don’t be a fool and fall into the â€Å"it will never happen to me† trap, because when you start thinking like that, the chances are you’re next. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Slang Terms for Money40 Fish Idioms7 Sound Techniques for Effective Writing

Movie analysing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Movie analysing - Essay Example Another important action, as depicted in the movie film is to claim the freedom of the people to ensure the sacredness of the space. This requires aggressive effort in order to establish the point that the church must be free from any other movements, including but not limited to those concerning application of political or economic authority, social injustice and more. The leaders, church members and the people are the ones whose actions could eventually help to make the space sacred once again. In the case of the movie film â€Å"Romero† it was the Archbishop who strengthened the people, give them courage and stood as voice of the multitude in order to restore the sanctity of the church. Church as institution An institution is aimed at achieving a high social order, even though there might be varying behaviors of a set of individuals. Church is an institution because it is supposed to be governed by and moving forward to a higher social order, it administers to everybody who might be good or bad. What it seeks to promote is only for the good of everyone, as it tries to establish a good community. Based on the movie, the church does not run the country in general, but it protects the people. Priests are shepherds, who administer the church, to help establish the church as an institution. Based on the movie, Romero addressed that the church must administer to everybody in order to maintain social order (Romero Full Movie). What is unique about the church as an institution is its foundation which is set on the love of Jesus Christ, in order to successfully promote social order. In the presence of this love for each other, collegiality is eventually developed, which based on the movie bishops were able to successfully show it when they condemned senseless violent killings. Although, some of them have been threatened to lose their lives as there were priests already killed in the chaotic situation in El Salvador. When Romero learned violence will never end up violence, he tried to place himself on the center stage, administering to everybody, and trying to understand both sides and everybody’s perspectives in order to uphold social order. At first, because of his being apolitical and complacent priest, he critiqued this as subversive act. Church as Sacrament A sacrament stands as both sign and instrument. In the case of the Church as a sacrament, it has become one with Christ, an instrument creating unity between God and all mankind. This model includes, Christ, God, and all mankind. Right after being saved by the redeeming blood of Jesus, all mankind, the Church, is in Christ, so that it would stand in unity with the Father in heaven. When there is sin, humanity needs salvation, so Jesus was offered to redeem the sin of the world. When mankind was redeemed, Christ is in the people, the Church, who must suppose to stand as the ones to represent what salvation consists in. This image of the Church was seen in the movie when Rome ro declared in front of the public that Christ must be seen in each and everyone, that the Church is the people and must suppose to stand as one body of Christ (Romero Full Movie). When there is disunity, this body cannot stand. By this, Romero must have implied Church as